EBusiness Strategy4 - Topic in Instruction Essay

EBusiness Strategy4 - Topic in Instruction - Essay Example While e-business is gotten from comparative terms, for example, web based business, and email, which is likewise the direct of business on the Internet, anyway it doesn't just include buying and selling yet in addition offering help for clients and imparting and working together with business partners and partners (Rouse, 2005). No ifs, ands or buts, e-business is the imaginative and progressive type of online business. At the present, most of business associations is embracing e-business apparatuses and applications for example client relationship the board (CRM), undertaking asset arranging (ERP) and e-acquisition to change standard strategic approaches into web upheld exercises. What's more, various analysts have supported this perspective. For example, e-business and web based business work by and large. In this situation, they structure a both front and back-office systems that set up the structure of contemporary business. In addition, the business associations use e-business a s a general methodology, while internet business is accepted to be a significant segment of e-business system (Viehland, 2000). The Internet permits business associations to without issues investigate the outer and inside business structure to gather and breaking down information that could be used for powerful dynamic by business official. In this situation, these information can be utilized for settling on choices in regards to distribution of assets in a way that agree to industry or authoritative measures and take the most extreme advantage of available assets. The utilization of the Internet permits business associations to convey and share information, thoughts and choices effectively and rapidly. The exploration has demonstrated that the web permits business associations to benchmark from other organizations’ techniques that could be followed to achieve certain goals (Answers Corporation, 2013; Yourdon, 2001, p. 81). Point of fact, the Internet has noteworthy effect on all the territories of a business. Similarly, it impacts the manner in which a marketable strategies its methodologies. For example, the Internet is a tremendous wellspring of data, and it gives critical data on each subject. The making arrangements for e-business procedure begins with the inspiration. Obviously, the web assumes a noteworthy job and altogether impacts the inspiration procedure. For example, if the top supervisor or CEO of a firm (let’s state Company A) visits the site of amazon.com and intrigued by its e-business procedure. Indeed, the amazon.com is a gigantic web based business and most of the Internet clients thought about this business. In this situation, this site fills in as a wellspring of inspiration for the CEO of Company A. This wellspring of inspiration will compel the CEO to build up and plan a methodology that could draw in an ever increasing number of clients (following the case of amazon.com). As talked about over, the Internet is loaded with d ata. For example, if the CEO and the executives of Company A don't have a clue what systems and ways Amazon.com Company has embraced to draw in countless clients then the Internet can help Company A discover approaches to process arranging steps. In this situation, the Internet can be utilized to get to data on Amazon’s e-business methodologies. Truth be told, web won't just give the data with respect to their techniques

Political Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Political Rhetoric - Essay Example The Institute is a think-thank which offers its skill and research to progressives to enable the last to comprehend and figure out how to impart successfully their messages over. 1 Lakoff’s commitment to political talk is his investigation of illustrations corresponding to political talk. Lakoff declares that illustrations are not just periodic interesting expressions but rather is a subjective wonder inferring that language in itself is figurative. The capacity to make allegories is made conceivable by the utilization of a source space as a kind of perspective to an objective area utilizing regions of experience or semantic edges. Consequently the similitude war on fear and others like it instituted to allude to the 9/11 occurrence was drawn from the war outline thought connoting a persistent fight against an adversary. 2 The capacity of representations in political talk, as indicated by Lakoff, is that they decide how individuals see marvels and subsequently, how they act. Representations moreover act to feature a specific part of a marvel while hiding some different perspectives. Moreover, Lakoff guesses that the procedures of reasoning are organized allegorically which is turn is reflected by discourse however when similitudes are utilized deliberately, they become easily proven wrong. 3 Murray Edelman (1919-2001) was a multi-granted teacher who educated at the University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin until his passing in 2001. He at first concentrated in the field of work the board relations yet in the long run went to the subject of representative legislative issues and the abstract piece of governmental issues and force, which would pre-involve him in the following forty years of his life. A portion of his works are: The Symbolic Uses of Politics in 1964; Politics as a Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence in 1971; Political Language: Words that Succeed and Politics that Fail in 1977; Constructing the Political Spectacle in 1995, and; The Politics of Misinformation in 2001. 4 Edelman’s books were viewed as major

The Best Advice for Business Majors

The Best Advice for Business Majors by: Jeff Schmitt on July 09, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 991 Views July 9, 2019istockphoto imageWhat is the biggest mistake you can make in school? For Chip Chambers, the answer is the pursuit of recognition over learning. Forget that mythical 4.0 GPA, Dean’s List blurb, or Summa Cum Laude designation. These commendations are the antithesis to learning, explains the University of Georgia grad. Instead, Chambers believes, they simply reflect that students can sell what they read and study to the test.â€Å"I find that many students — especially successful, ambitious ones — are the most risk-averse, seeking only to take the classes they need to follow a pre-set, safe, well-trodden path towards a safe, lucrative career.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"GO OUT AND FAIL†Instead, Chambers, a 2019 PQ Best Brightest Business Major who starts medical school this fall, urges future business majors to focus on what truly matters. That means takin g full advantage of the â€Å"unparalleled access to information† that few will enjoy again in their lives.Notre Dame Mendozas Niko Stjepan Martinovicâ€Å"Forget the grades, the resume-building, and the accolade-hauling,† he advises. â€Å"Don’t be an interesting application. Be an interesting person.†That rebel spirit permeates the Class of 2019. Look no further than Niko Stjepan Martinovic. At Notre Dame, he lived life to the fullest. He completed five internships in New York City and London, eventually landing a job at Goldman Sachs. Following convention, Martinovic played roles in the Wall Street and Investment clubs. Of course, he also competed in boxing and table tennis – when he wasn’t launching two businesses, that is. In other words, he didn’t just read about business. He lived it – and this taught him far more than how to link the various financial statements.â€Å"Do not follow the textbooks like scripture,† he counsels. â€Å"Go out and start a business. Dare I say, go out and fail. Failure is the best educator†¦ bite off more than you can chew because, in college, the safety net is that you’re in college and not putting other real stakeholders on the line.†GOAL OF A BUSINESS MAJOR: LEARNING TO THINK FOR YOURSELFKatherine Cui came to a similar realization at Boston University. When she joined the business school, her plan was to study hard so she’d â€Å"learn everything there is to know.† However, the J.P. Morgan hire gradually discovered that work rarely conformed to the fundamentals and rules she’d mastered in class. Many times, she faced issues that weren’t covered in her textbooks. As she faced down unknowns, she discovered what her classes had truly prepared her to do.â€Å"My value stemmed from my ability to apply the things I did know to various settings,† she explains. â€Å"What I learned in school – the theories, the cases, the law – were actually tools I accumulated to help me respond and adapt to real-world circumstances. In business, there is no right or wrong answer, and options are never limited to just a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no.† The value of an undergraduate degree in business comes from equipping us the ability to think on our own, to stand firm on our ideas, and to not shy away from paving our own path.†This impulse to forego grades for growth and theory for experience ranks among the most common advice given by 2019 graduates. Each year, PoetsQuants asks students nominated as a â€Å"Best Brightest† to share the advice they would give to students looking to major in a business-related field. From taking risks to planning ahead, here are 15 nuggets of hard-won wisdom to help future students make the most of the business school experience.Tulane Universitys Andrea Goldstein1) Create Your Own Opportunities: â€Å"If you don’t see immediate opp ortunities for yourself to excel, be a leader, gain new skills, demonstrate your worth—create them. Very rarely in the business world are you going to be handed opportunities for advancement; you have to either find them for yourself or create them from the cards that are currently in your hand. Ask your professors if they have research with which you can help. Reach out to local businesses and ask if they take interns. Run for a board position for any club that excites you. I hear so many students say that they want to find jobs or internships, but don’t know how to take the first step because they feel unqualified and as if they don’t have any experience—yet they have been lifeguards, waiters, babysitters, etc. – those jobs teach important skills! Learn them. Hone them. Then go out and show the world how you can apply them to every opportunity that you can create.† Andrea Goldstein, Tulane University (Freeman)2) Expect Change: â€Å"A busi ness career does not necessarily mean staying at the same company in the same role for the rest of your life. As personalities and interests change throughout your career, there will be opportunities to explore tangential roles in fields that you may never have considered in college. The beauty of business is that any experience in a related or non-related field will prepare you to bring a unique perspective and outlook into a problem.† Leslie Parra, Babson College (Olin)â€Å"You do not have to know what you want to do the minute you get to school. I was unsure what I wanted to do until I participated in case competitions in each major offered in the business school. Doing this gave me a broad idea of the content of work in each different area, and I think it is a great way to rule out certain majors you may not want to pursue and dive deeper into areas that interest you.† Paul Chamesian, Rutgers Business School (New Brunswick)3) Stop Comparing Yourself To Others: â₠¬Å"Your journey is simply that – yours! Over the years, I have struggled with my goals not coming to fruition as quickly as others. Being in this mindset has led to a lot of unnecessary stress and extra phone calls home to my parents. Have confidence in yourself, work hard, and the pieces will fall into place as they are meant to be.† Katie Schuchman, University of Pittsburgh (Katz)University of Wisconsins Anders Larsenâ€Å"Never compare yourself to someone else! I know it’s hard not to in the moment when you hear of someone landing a really impressive internship or full-time job, but everyone has their own professional journey. You are not them, and everything will work out in the end.† Anders Larsen, University of Wisconsin 4) Embrace Life: â€Å"Never self-select yourself! This is advice I stand by and give to my peers as I help mentor them throughout college. Entering college, especially business school, students will meet with many opportunities to succeed and grow as professionals. However, you will never realize those opportunities if you don’t push yourself and give yourself a chance. No matter how â€Å"selective† an application, school, program or conference might be, you will never get there if you don’t try. I’ve used this advice throughout business school and surprisingly ended up in the most selective spaces across the globe. I was selected as a Forbes 30 Under 30 Scholar, I participated in a week-long summer program at Harvard Business School, and I eventually landed a job at McKinsey. To my freshman self, these opportunities might have seemed unattainable. However, each had one thing in common; they all started with me putting myself out there, no matter the odds.† Jada Haynes, Indiana University (Kelley) â€Å"My advice is to be flexible and open to new ideas and opportunities. Four years ago, I would have never guessed I’d be going into a career in finance. Don’t be afraid to get involved and try new things. Your value proposition in business is a direct function of the experiences you’ve had. Finally, enjoy the process. It’s easy to become so focused on your next goal that you miss the great experiences you have in front of you.† Samuel Jacobson, Southern Methodist University (Cox)â€Å"This is your time to take risks and do things that not everyone around you is doing. If you attempt to do anything substantial, you will eventually stumble. It will be a little uncomfortable at first, but if you embrace that discomfort, and allow yourself to grow from it, you will reach much higher than you ever thought you could.† Lauren Nobile, Miami University of Ohio (Farmer) Page 1 of 212 »

South African Office Sector as an Investment Opportunity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1965 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Tags: Africa Essay Did you like this example? SOUTH AFRICAN OFFICE SECTOR AS AN INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION CHAPTER 1: THE RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1.1Introduction 1.2The research problem statement 1.3The research questions CHAPTER 2: BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Real Estate Investment as a Wealth Creation Tool 2.2Real Estate Investment Framework CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COMMERCIAL OFFICE SECTOR 3.1Position of South African Listed Property Sector 3.1.12012 Performance 3.1.22013 Performance 3.1.3First Quarter of 2014 Performance 3.2Status of South African Commercial Property Market 3.2.12012 Performance 3.2.22013 Performance 3.3Condition of South African Office Sector 3.3.1Nominal Gross Market Rental Growth across All Grades of Regional Offices 3.3.2Nominal Growth of Regional A-Grade Office Gross Market Rentals 3.3.3Regional Pioneer-Grade Office Gross Market Rentals 3.3.4Regional A+-Grade Office G ross Market Rentals 3.3.5Regional A+-Grade Covered Reserved Parking Gross Market Rentals 3.3.6Rental Escalation Rates on New Leases across All Grades of Regional Offices 3.3.7Typical Gross Outgoings for All Grades of Regional Prime Offices 3.3.8Escalation Rates on Outgoings across All Grades of Regional Offices 3.3.9Capitalisation Rates for A-Grade Multi-Tenanted Regional Offices 3.3.10Typical Rent Free Periods across All Grades of Regional Offices 3.3.11Regional Vacancies CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1Summary and conclusions 4.2Recommendations references . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "South African Office Sector as an Investment Opportunity" essay for you Create order CHAPTER 1: THE RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1.1Introduction South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s four traditional asset classes are equities, property, bonds and cash. As diversification essential to investment strategy, most investors opt to include either listed or unlisted property within their portfolios. According to Jones Lang LaSalle (2014: 5), around R15.8 billion of the R29 billion worth of sale transactions in 2013, an approximate 54.00%, occurred within the South African office sector. The value of transactions in the office sector improved from R7.6 billion in 2012 to R15.8 billion in 2013, an increase of around 109.00%. Approximately 60.00% of all sale transactions in 2013 occurred in the decentralised office nodes of Gauteng alone. The significant increase in the value of transactions was attributed to the aggressive acquisition of quality office properties by listed property funds. The most prominent transaction in 2013 was Growthpointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purchase of The Towers in Alice Lane, Sandton Central Business District (CBD) from Tiber on a 7.40% yield for R563.6 million. Investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ review of the abovementioned data may leave many with the perception that the office sector might currently be the best performing property sector in South Africa. In order to determine the accuracy of such a perception, most investors will conduct a thorough analysis of South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s listed property sector, professionally managed investment property portfolios and office sector on a nodal basis. 1.2The research problem statement Insufficient research by investors negatively impacts their broader understanding of the South African office sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current performance. 1.3The research questions How has the South African listed property sector been performing in comparison to other asset classes over the short term? How has the South African office sector been performing in relation to the national retail à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and industrial sectors since 2012? How are the various nodes of the South African office sector currently performing? CHAPTER 2: BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1What is outsourcing? Outsourcing may be defined as a contractually managed relationship between a vendor and an enterprise whereby the vendor undertakes responsibility for a business function of the enterprise, which may have been performed by in house staff (White and James, 1996, p. XIV; Barett, 1995, p. 124). It can more concisely be described as the contracting of functional specialists to manage business units that lay outside the framework of the organizations principal activities (Dominguez, 2006, p. 5). Quelin and Duhamel describe outsourcing as the operation of shifting a function previously governed internally to an external supplier through a long-term contract, and involving the transfer of staff to the vendor for the firm. According to their definition, five features typify strategic outsourcing: A close link between outsourcing processes and the key success factors of a firm in an industry. The transfer of ownership of a business function previously internalised, often including a transfer of personnel and physical assets to the service provider. A global contract, longer and denser than a classical subcontracting agreement. A long-term commitment between the client and the service provider. A contractual definition of service levels and of each partnerÃÆ' ­s obligations. Outsourcing is a process whereby an organisation transfers a function, previously governed internally, to an external third party via a service level agreement. It generally involves an organisation contractually conferring its staff and management responsibility to an autonomous vendor (Quelin and Duhamel, 2003: 652; Barrett, 1998: 124). Brown and Wilson (2005: 20) define outsourcing as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"act of obtaining services from an external sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.2What can be outsourced? Outsourcing it not limited to services but also embraces business processes. An organisation can outsource any function it considers non-core and supportive of its main business. According to Unnico (2001) services being outsourced by organisations include: Table 1: Services being outsourced Custodial Architecture Trash Security Grounds Food Plant Facilities Management Space Mailroom Records Moves Reprographics Energy Audio Visual Cleanroom Commissioning Logistics Shipping Integrated Facilities Management Subcontractor Management Storeroom Routine Maintenance Production Brown and Wilson (2005: 22-23) states that the most prevalent commercial functions being outsourced by organisations are information technology, administration, distribution and logistics, finance, human resources, manufacturing, contact centres / call centres, sales / marketing, real estate / facilities management and transportation. The most predominant elements of business outsourcing encompass: Table 2: Element of corporate outsourcing Human Resource Services Knowledge and Decision Services Operations Support Services Marketing Services Customer Interaction Services Back Office Transaction Processing Information Technology and Software Operations Finance and Accounting Services 2.3Why outsource? The business environment as we know it changes continuously. The main drivers of such change are the revolution of technology, globalisation and financial pressure. In order for organisations to survive and prosper, it is imperative for them to focus on their core business functions. Core business functions are however reliant on non-core business functions and it is therefore essential for organisations to have a clear strategy to their support operations (Lee and Harris, 2001: 25-29). According to Brown and Wilson (2005: 45-47) the main drivers for outsourcing are: Fast tracking of re-engineering benefits; Access to world-class competencies; Cash injection from selling off assets to third party; Redeployment of internal resources; Need to re-evaluate problematic functions; Release and availability of capital; Enhanced company focus; Risk minimisation; Access to external resources; and Reduced operating costs. 2.4Risks of outsourcing In order for an organisation to decide whether to outsource a business support service or process, it need to study the risks involved with outsourcing. According to According to Hinks and Hanson** (2001: 48-49) the disadvantages of outsourcing are: Inefficient service provision; Non-realisation of projected cost savings linked to outsourcing; Excessive costs relating to the re-absorption of outsourced functions; Vulnerability relative to an organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s core business; Risk of unexpected collapse of service provider; Fixed term contracted service providers not upgrading technology and training; Service provider experiencing process or information technology failure; Overreliance on service providerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s support service; Dishonest behaviour by service provider; Security and confidentiality breaches by service provider; Sabotage by service provider; Breakdown of relationship between an organisation and a service provider; Disconnection between non-core function managed by service provider and core business managed by organisation; Organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s competitiveness may be affected negatively should a service provider struggle financially and be unable to invest in technological advances; Negative impact on company culture, operations and business objectives; Incompatibility as a result of an organisation and a service providerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contrasting business objectives, work practices and business ethics; Reduced strategic input; Value loss due to fragmentation; Strategic dislocation and communication opacity between an organisation and a services provider; and Loss of key staff, expertise and knowledge. 2.5Benefits of outsourcing It is imperative for an organisation to analyse the benefits of outsourcing, and to weigh them up against the risks associated with contracting-out, before marking a decision of whether to outsource or not. According to Hinks and Hanson** (2001: 48-49) the advantages of outsourcing are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Reduced / variable overheads; Transfer of overheads from fixed to variable status; Removal of non-core operations allows management and investment to focus on the primary business activity (the core process); Savings in office space and equipment provisions; Possible staff cost reductions; Removal of uncertainty about future costs of maintaining effective and competitive business support; Reduced risk of costly errors arising from ignorance of the non-core practices; Investment risk transfer; Excellence of service can be achieved immediately; The service provider will be dedicated to that activity (no learning curve of division of interests); Access to market competitiveness and technological currency in the service provision; A downsizing of property commitments through outsourcing; Opportunity to get the company service provision out of a rut; The simulation of new solutions to problems from the appropriate mixing of different approaches; Scope for downsizing; Increases options for organisational re-structuring through property and human resource management flexibility; Access to specialist knowledge; Wider career scope for staff; Good in a fast-developing and / or highly technological area; Increased efficiency; Decreased headcount; Decreased cost of service; Access to world-class support; and Transfer of worry and riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.6Outsourcing Decision Process Chapter 2 brown and wilson 2.7Role of Facilities Management Service Provider 2.8Selection of Facilities Management Service Provider Chapter 6 brown and Wilson Chapter 5 wiley from 5.9 onwards CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF 3.1Position of South African Listed Property Sector 3.1.12012 Performance CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1Summary and conclusions It is evident from the research conducted, that even though the South African office sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s total return improved from 11.90% in 2012 to 13.60% in 2013, the sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance remains inferior to that of the industrial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and retail sectors. Cape Town CBD remains the best performing city centre in South Africa. The top regional decentralised office nodes are Century City in Cape Town, La Lucia Ridge in Durban, Sandton CBD in Johannesburg and Menlyn in Pretoria. The South African office sector might recover during the course of 2014, should gross domestic product growth and employment figures improve, pending the implementation of the National Development Plan by the South African Government. 4.2Recommendations Investors should ensure that they undertake adequate research in order to establish the true performance of a sector. Inadequate research can result in poor investment decisions. It is evident from the research that even though the office sector achieved the highest total investment transactions value of all three sectors in 2013, it remains the bottom performer in terms of total return. REFERENCES Capgemini and RBC Asset Management, 2013. World Wealth Report 2013. [online] Capgemini and RBC Asset Management. Available at: https://www.capgemini.com/resource-file-access/resource/pdf/wwr_2013_0.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Catalyst Fund Managers, 2013. Listed Property Sector Monthly Overview January 2013. [online] Catalyst Fund Managers. Available at: https://www.catalyst.co.za/documents/fundDocs/monthlyReview/catalystDomestic/2013/monthlyReportJan2013.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Catalyst Fund Managers, 2014a. Listed Property Sector Monthly Overview January 2014. [online] Catalyst Fund Managers. Available at: https://www.catalyst.co.za/documents/fundDocs/monthlyReview/catalystDomestic/2014/monthlyreportJan2014.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Catalyst Fund Managers, 2014b. South African Listed Property Review April 2014. [online] Catalyst Fund Managers. Available at: https://www.catalyst.co.za/documents/fundDocs/monthlyReview/catalystDomestic/2014/Monthly%20Report%20Apr%202014.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Cloete, C.E., 2005. Property Investment in South Africa. 2nd ed. Pretoria: The South African Property Education Trust. IPD, 2013. South African property delivers improved performance in 2012. [press release], 25 March 2013, Available at: https://www.ipd.com/about/media_centre/2013/SAPOA%20%20IPD%20South%20Africa%20Annual%20Property%20Index.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. IPD, 2014. South African property delivers stable yet impressive performance in 2013. [press release], 26 March 2013, Available at: https://www.ipd.com/about/media_centre/news_arc hive/2014/IPD%20South%20Africa%202014%20Annual%20Property%20Index%20PR.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Jones Lang LaSalle, 2014. Commercial Real Estate Transaction Review: South Africa. [online] Jones Lang LaSalle. Available at: https://www.joneslanglasalle.co.za/ResearchLevel1/JLL%20Commercial%20Real%20Estate%20Transaction%20Review%20South%20Africa%202014.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014]. Phyrr, S.A.; Cooper, J.R.; Wofford, L.E.; Kaplin, S.D.; Lapides, P.D., 1989. Real Estate Investment: Strategy, Analysis, Decisions. New York: Wiley. Rode and Associates, 2014. Rodeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Report 2014:1. Bellville: Rode and Associates. SAPOA, 2014. Office Vacancy Survey Report Q1:2014. [online] SAPOA. Available at: https://www.cmsignition.co.za/download/files_1047/SAPOAOfficeVacancyReport_April2014.pdf [Accessed 08 May 2014].

The Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam...

Hamlet Texts reflect their context and paradigms but transcendental texts that explore aspects of humanity can resonate through time and remain relevant and accessible to audiences. William Shakespeare’s introspective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. Although these deeply human ideas ensure the plays resonance, they are somewhat secondary to the depths of Hamlet’s human struggle. These thematic concerns reflect how flaws in the values of society descend into corruption. Through an exploration of the characterization, Shakespeare invites a re-evaluation of the values that shape human nature. The textual integrity of Hamlet makes it of distinctive†¦show more content†¦Hamlet sees something that is rotten in his kingdom and he knows it is his moral responsibility to resolve this issues however he finishes off by saying that in actual fact he is powerless â€Å"but break my heart, for I must hold my tongue† admitting his weakness. Hamlet begins to grapple with the nature of humanity and morality following the confrontation with the ghost. The appearance of the ghost triggers Hamlet’s existential struggle â€Å"All is not well†¦ I doubt some foul play†¦ foul deeds will rise† (Act 1 scene 2) through the use of foreshadowing, Shakespeare exposes the nature of humanity to audiences through the construction of Hamlet’s character. He emphasises that a strong sense of morality can cause conflicts in the decision to make noble choices. The relevance and significance of the revenge tragedy is in the way it explores human nature and forces audiences to evaluate ideologies such as revenge and justice. The concept of revenge is accompanied by moral conflict and Shakespeare demonstrates that by acting immorally society is likely to be riddled with corruption. Hamlet seeks to avenge the death of his father but struggles with the ramifications of seeking righteous revenge through an immoral act. The imposition of revenge instills the existential questioning on Hamlet as it contradicts his with his social expectation. His

Roman Architecture Essay Example For Students

Roman Architecture Essay The architectural style of Rome was firmly rooted in the Hellenistic traditions. However, Roman architecture is probably more accurately reflected in the developmentof new engineering skills and secular monuments than the ideas of gods and perfectionthat birthed the Greek architecture. They introduced not only new ways to construct amore efficient building but also a entirely different purpose for the building to be built. While still holding the beauty that was so masterfully achieved by the Greek culture andadding their own practically and ingenuity, the Romans developed an architectural stylethat remains to this day. The Greeks people had a very good reason, in their minds, to build a beautifulpiece of architecture; the worship of gods. Most all of the examples of Greek architecturethat we know of today were temples. The gods were the driving force behind any majorarchitecture of the Hellenistic period. This is not true of the Roman culture. Though theRomans did build temples to their gods, the Roman style was more predominantly seenin public dwellings and social gathering areas, such as basilicas and forums, than in theirtemples. In fact, a majority of the temples that the Romans built were nothing more thancopies of Greek temples, with the exception of the domed Pantheon that will bediscussed later. Also, the Romans included their emperors in the temples along with thegods and sometimes the temple was just for the emperor himself. Another major difference between Greek and Roman architecture was thepurpose behind the building. Greek architecture was meant to be viewed as a piece of artwork that was dedicated to the gods. This is easy to see from the ornateness of theoutside of the building with the pediments and metopes and the rather drabness of theinside with the exception of the friezes. The Greek designed it as a sculpture in a sense,with all of the beauty to be viewed from the outside. This way of thinking is turnedcompletely around in the Roman architectural style. Although the Roman building arebeautiful on the outside, the true art lies on the inside with the many-colored walls andpaintings that gave a sense of depth to the room. Also, the Roman architect wasconcerned with the lighting of the room so that the interior decorations could be seenclearly. These things were important to the Romans because their buildings were meantto be gathering places for the public. Th e basilica was one such of these types ofbuildings that was intended to be a gathering place for Romans citizens to hold meetingand perhaps even courts. Bathhouses and market places know as forums are yet otherexamples of the types of building that the Romans focused on making pleasing to the eyeon the inside rather than the outside. Not only did the Romans differ on why to build a building but they also madedrastic differences on how to build it. The Greeks used what is know as a ?post andlintel? system of designing a building. This is basically the idea of standing to columnsup and placing a beam across them. A very simple and easy construction but on the otherhand not a very strong one. As the Roman civilization grew larger and larger thebuildings they used for meetings and markets of course had to grow too. This presented aproblem with the use of columns, because the big the building, the more columns neededto hold it up. Thus the Romans turned to engineering for the solution and the arch wasborn. By using arches instead of columns and beams, the weight of the structure wasspread evenly out and toward the ground rather than directly down on the beam. Thisincreased the amount of weight that could be supported in a single area and thus givingmore room on the inside by taking away previously necessary columns, t hough they didkeep some around for decoration. This invention of course changed the mindset on theconstruction of regular building that would have relied of columns, but it also was astepping stone to another invention. The dome is nothing more than a network of archesthat form an enclosed building. This is the theory that created the Pantheon, a circulardome that was the temple to the gods. It is one of the first of its kind and has stood forthousands of years while other building designed strictly with columns have turn intonothing more than ruins. The superior engineering skills of the Romans truly played amajor role in their architecture and set it apart from their Greek counterparts. .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .postImageUrl , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:hover , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:visited , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:active { border:0!important; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:active , .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1 .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc65ac1d47c5f74a3899b4f8042b73ae1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Carlos Santana EssayThough the origin of their ideas came from the Greek architecture, the Romanswere brilliant in the ways in which they organized and improved those ideas. Theypioneered innovations in architecture, produced ground-breaking designs, and altered thevery way we view buildings. They have left an everlasting impact on architecture bycombining their way of life in the architecture that begin long before them.

Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample free essay sample

In the given inquiry the issue is whether there is a adhering contract between Gerard and Reg. A contract can be defined as a voluntary premise of duty. In order to set up a contract there must be an offer followed by an credence. In order to see whether the parties have come to an understanding the tribunal would look at the purpose of the parties. Purpose will be looked at objectively. In using the nonsubjective trial the tribunals consider whether the sensible individual in the other parties’ place would reason that there was an purpose to come in in to an understanding. A good illustration of the application of the nonsubjective trial is provided in Centrovincial Estates Plc vs. merchandiser investors’ confidence Company Ltd. It should non. nevertheless. be assumed that the subjective purposes of the parties are irrelevant. A subjective trial efforts to determine the existent purpose of the catching parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Offer and Acceptance Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Hartog vs. colin and Shields the tribunal adopted the nonsubjective trial topic to subjective consideration. In Gibson vs. Manchester metropolis council the House of Lords emphasized the importance of placing an offer and credence when make up ones minding whether the parties reached an understanding. An offer is a steadfast project to be bound in the every its footings are accepted by the other. It must be concluding. certain and unambiguous. There must be no farther dialogues or treatment required. The nature of an offer was discussed in Gibson vs. Manchester City Council. The council decided to sell the council houses to the renters. The council so decided non to sell the houses. The council sent Gibson a papers which asked him to do a formal invitation to purchase and stated that the Council â€Å"may be prepared to sell’ the house to him. Gibson signed the papers and returned it. The House of Lords held that a contract had non been concluded because the council had non made an offer capable of being accepted. Lord Diplock stated: The words â€Å"may be prepared to sell† are fatal†¦so is the invitation. â€Å"to make formal application to buy† . In this instance of import footings still needed to be determined. However in Storer vs. Manchester metropolis council. under similar circumstance. the Court of Appeal found that there was a binding contract. The council had sent Storer a communicating that they intended would be adhering upon his credence. All storer had to make to adhere himself to the ulterior sale was to subscribe the papers and return it. It must be noted that certain statements made during dialogues will non amount to offers. as they lack the qualities of going an offer. such statement include ; statement of purpose ( Harris vs Nickerson ) . supply of information ( Harvey vs Facey ) . and invitation to handle ( Patridge vs. Crittenden ) . In the given inquiry Reg electronic mail to Gerard â€Å"I have for sale 500 Cadmiums from the 1970s. 80s and 90s. delight happen affiliated list of rubrics. They are in first-class status. I need to raise money desperately so am willing to sell as a whole or in portion. I’m prepared to sell for ? 1000. A speedy answer would be apprec iated† . There is a inquiry whether the first electronic mail from Reg is an offer? Stating an purpose to contract or to make concern is non an offer. It amounts merely for an invitation to handle. This was so held in Harris vs. Nickerson where an auction was advertised with invitation as to the points to be auctioned and the topographic point it would be held. A prospective bidder attended the auction merely to be told it would non be held. He brought an action against the auctioneer to retrieve the cost for go toing the auction. It was held that the advertizement was merely a statement of purpose to keep an auction and is non an offer. Therefore on this land. the e-mail by Reg will non amount to an offer. The statement is besides non certain. concluding and equivocal. Proposing that Reg do non had the serious purpose make an offer. as in the state of affairs of Harvey vs. Facey ( 1983 ) here Harvey sent Facey a wire it said â€Å"will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest hard currency monetary value –answer paid† facey replied on the same twenty-four hours: â€Å"lowest monetary value for Bumper Hall Pen ? 900† Harvey so replied in the undermentioned words â€Å"we agree to purchase Bumper Hall Pen for the amount of nine hundred lbs asked by you. Please sent us your rubric title in order that we may acquire early possession† . Finally in this instance Privy Council advised that no contract existed between the parties. The first Telegram was merely a petition for information. So at no phase the Defendant make a definite offer that could be accepted. By comparing the state of affairs with Harvey vs. facey. it clearly says that the first electronic mail from Reg is merely a sharing of information or invitation to handle. After the invitation to handle or sharing of information. the following topographic point is for an offer by the other party otherwise it is still on dialogue procedure. The reply e-mail from Gerard on 2nd March at 5. 30 autopsy says that â€Å"he will take all of the Cadmiums and is willing to pay ?1000 and would roll up the CDs. †The electronic mail is concluding. certain and unambiguous. proposing that Gerard had an purpose of doing an offer. Therefore a decision can be drawn that the electronic mail is an offer. Since an offer has been established it needs to be analyzed whether this offer has been accepted. Acceptance must be concluding and unqualified acquiescence to the footings of the offer. For credence to be effectual there are certain regulations to be satisfied. The regulations that need to be s atisfied are ; credence must be unconditioned: if the words capable to contracts are used when an offer is accepted that is non a valid credence ( chillingworth vs. esche ) ; credence must be on indistinguishable footings: it must be a mirror image of the offer. it is merely than we can state that there is a meeting of heads. If the offeree effort on different footings it is non acceptance-counter offer- ( hyde vs. twist ) . credence must be communicated in existent facts to the offero: this means that until the offero or his agent gets to cognize that the offer has been accepted. there is no valid credence ( felthouse vs. bindley ) ; and the offeree must hold cognition of the offer at the clip of credence ( R vs. clarke ) . In this instance it differs from the normal state of affairss. Than hearing or waiting for an credence from Reg. on 2nd March –the same day- at 5. 40pm Gerard receives an electronic mail from Reg saying that â€Å"have changed my head. I now want ?1500 for the CDs† . besides Gerard discovers Reg’s foremost electronic mail. to which Gerard has replied. was sent from place. whereas the 2nd electronic mail was sent from Reg’s work topographic point. Than being an credence here it’s a refusal of an offer besides have the qualities of a counter offer. par tially but non wholly. Counter offer is an offer made in response to a old offer by the other party during dialogues for a concluding contract. The Brogden V metropolitan railroad is authority to state where the counter offer is accepted. the contract is made on the footings of the counter offer and non on the footings of the original offer. The noticeable another point here is the topographic point last e-mail came from. As all the e-mails came from Reg’s place. merely the concluding electronic mail came from his work topographic point doing the uncertainties on the cogency of his old electronic mails. With this point besides we can travel up to the inquiry of whether Reg read Gerard’s replied offer electronic mail before. Harmonizing to instantaneous communicating regulation that an credence took consequence where it was received. non where it was sent ( Entores Ltd v. Miles far East corporation ) . So nevertheless. it can be offer or a counter offer but it surely sure that it is sum to a e xpiration of a old offer. The offer is still available for credence. The 2nd inquiry was. would you reply differ. had Gerard replied that he would pay ?800 for the Cadmiums from the 80s and 90s merely? No it does non do a immense difference. As it comes to the portion of Gerard’s offer. nevertheless after an invitation to handle there’s merely a topographic point for an offer or a expiration of the invitation which meant to the dialogue procedure. So decidedly this besides sum to an offer as the old statement.

Massachusetts Constitution essays

Massachusetts Constitution essays The Great Awakening was the religious revival that swept through the world in the mid 1700s. In the colonies it was the beginning of Evangelical Calvinism, and was centered mainly in the South. Johnathan Edwards was a Congregational Pastor in Northampton Connecticut. He was extremely outspoken for justification by faith alone. In essence it was Gods will that you did things a certain way. The Zenger Trial was the first victory for The Freedom of the Press. It was a libel suit brought against a printer by the name of John Peter Zenger by the then Governor of New York William Cosby. Alexander Hamilton was Zengers lawyer he argued that the people themselves were intelligent enough to determine what was real and what was false. The jury acquitted Zenger because they said that all of his information was based on truths not lies. Common Sense was an article written by Thomas Paine in 1776. If not for Zengers Trials Common Sense would have received the same treatment as Zengers New York Weekly Journal had. The Hanover Kings were a royal bloodline in England. The first one was George I. During the time of the American Revolution George II was fighting with The House Of Burgesses about his right to power. These domestic problems that Britain was having made it tough for them to keep an eye on the colonies. This allowed for the Revolution to build and eventually take place. Fort Necessity was taken from George Washington during the French and Indian War. It was a major piece of land that was militarily powerful. The war seemed hopeless for the British until William Pitt realized that the American Colonies could be the winning point of the war, so he sent in more supplies and backed the fighting here more heavily than in other areas. The tide of the war began to change culminating with the battle at The Plains of Abraham where the British forced the French to surrender and bot...

Family exposure to a toxin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family exposure to a toxin - Essay Example Consequently, they had to be given medications differently. The daughter was the first to show the signs of toxicity by vomiting. She also started complaining about headache, rashes on her skin and trouble in breathing. The daughter was the first to show the signs because of her age. Studies show that children and elderly are more susceptible to toxins compared to other people (Kacew & Lee, 2013). The situation is attributed to their consumption of many calories and poor eating habits compared to adults. The factors increase their exposure to chemicals. In addition, they are more vulnerable to toxins because of their lower immunity systems. Apart from age and nutrition, the daughter was more vulnerable because of her gender. Studies show that women absorb chemicals differently. In case a man and a woman take the same amount to toxin, a woman is more likely to have higher concentration of toxins in their blood. Enzymes that metabolize toxins in females are less active. As a result, a larger amount of ingested toxins enter the blood system (Na tional Institute of Health, 2013). The second person to start showing the symptoms was Christine. She showed the same signs as her daughter. However, unlike her daughter, she fainted. She started showing the signs after her daughter because of her age. It is noteworthy that a person of her age has a stronger immunity system compared to children (Kacew & Lee, 2013). She was more vulnerable than her husband because of their gender differences. As explained earlier, females are more susceptible to toxins that males. In addition, the toxin was stronger on her because of her health condition. Her immune system is weaker compared to her husband because she is diabetic (National Institute of Health, 2013). It explains why she fainted. The symptoms could have been worse if she had a poor nutritional habit like her daughter. She avoids eating fast foods and she is a

Heroic Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heroic Drama - Essay Example As pointed out, heroic drama is interconnected with Restoration period in British history. Eugene M. Waith opined that, â€Å"Consequently, when ‘heroic play’ or ‘heroic drama’ are mentioned, we think first of the period 1660-1700† (1). During this period England was undergoing internal problems. So, exaggerated heroes and heroism presented in the heroic drama well suited the context of nationalism. One can see that the main playwrights during this period, like John Dryden supported heroic drama because it helped to spread the message of nationalism among the mass. The Comedy of Manners was another dramatic form during the Restoration period. But this dramatic form did not gain much approval from the mass because it did not suit the problems faced by the nation. The political and social condition of England during Restoration Period was most suitable for the evolution of heroic drama. For instance, Restoration period in England is generally known as t he restoration of monarchy. During this period, England adopted an innovative form of political ideology related to monarchy. Earlier, during the reign of Oliver Cromwell, the context of drama faced a number of problems because most of the theatres in England were forced to close. But during the Restoration period, most of the theaters were reopened and it resulted in the growth and development of sub-genres in drama. For instance, Restoration comedy is another genre in drama which was accepted by the British audience. Still, the scope of heroic drama was evident because the British society was undergoing political and social transformation. So, the Restoration dramatists adopted innovative themes discarded by the dramatists in other ages. , like Elizabethan age. The proponents of heroic drama discarded imagination and adopted exaggeration of historical/political events and heroism. To be specific, exaggeration of heroism is the core element of nationalistic feeling. So, the ultimate aim of the supporters of heroic drama was not to establish the dramatic element of plays, but to establish heroism and to nurture nationalism. Besides, heroic couplet was the metrical form adopted by the heroic drama playwrights. During this age, John Dryden made use of this metr ical form to defend his positive attitude towards heroic drama. In short, the historical evolution of heroic drama proves that the same can be regarded as the end result of the ideas put forth prominent dramatists during Restoration period to exaggerate heroism and to inculcate nationalistic feeling. Definition Heroic drama can be defined as a generic variation with the context of Restoration drama, in which verse/prose form is prominent, deals with optimism and describes the heroic deeds of the protagonist who is search of adventure. The usage of heroic drama in relation to society In the British society, heroic drama acted the role of a medium to transform the society and to establish the influence of monarch over the mass. During the first half of the 17th century, British theatres were not allowed open because political turmoil was curbing the scope of entertainment. Bridget Orr stated that, â€Å"Debates over literature in England from 1660 to 1714 all bear the impression of p atriotism, a sense of national rivalry which extends backwards to Greece and

The concept of Trinity Essay Example for Free

The concept of Trinity Essay The concept of Trinity describes that God exists as a single being yet lives as three persons, consisting of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. The three persons are believed to be discrete and eternal persons, all belong to one Divine being. The doctrine that supports the concept of Trinity is Trinitarianism. This doctrine also describes that the Son, the second person of the Trinity, is comprised of two well-defined characters, the fully divine and the fully human characters. The concept of the Trinity is the consequence of incessant investigations conducted by the church on the information contained in the bible, as well as debates held with regards to the bible, and expositions on the concept. The dogma of a universal trinity was instituted in 325 AD, which then received enormous denials from religious sects. The most accepted theory of the Trinity is found in the Gospel of John in the Bible. Hence the Trinity explains the nature of God, as well as the spiritual circumstance of man (McGrath, 1990). This concept also rationalizes God’s design for grace and salvation, and the principle of the church. The Trinity also explains through the concept of the Trinity other issues such as evangelism, Christian education, social interactions, religious freedom and the family. The concept of Trinity describes that the existing creeds were produced as a result of heresies to their beliefs. This happened during the era of the apostles, which used the events of heresy as an optimal time to respond through the creation the creeds to attest to their beliefs. Reference McGrath AE (1990): Understanding the Trinity. Zondervan, ISBN 0310296811.

history of theatre :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"History exists only when it is â€Å"made† by the historian.† (Vince, 65). According to R.W. Vince, it is very easy for researchers to get lost between â€Å"fact† and â€Å"interpretation† when documenting theatre history. Even when scholars uncover identical pieces of information, they may each have their own personal explanations as to why these facts exist. In turn, readers must exercise critical analysis when studying scholar’s research and not fall into the trap of viewing history from the author’s perspective. Personally, I believe Leslie Read’s chapter on the â€Å"Beginnings of Theatre in Africa and the Americas† is both fact-oriented and assumption-oriented, and must be scrutinized from many angles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first part of the chapter, Read describes Egyptian theatre â€Å"festivals† dating from 2600BC onward. The documented festivals were found on â€Å"papyrus excavated†¦ in 1896. Each scene in this â€Å"production notebook† consists of an account of an action, a mythological explanation, a short dialogue involving two or more characters, together with directions concerning subsidiary roles, the inclusion of song or dance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Read, 94) This ancient document is an actual record of the Egyptians performances and helps to explain their festivals. From these papyrus designs, Read concludes, â€Å"Every symbol, gesture, sound and embodiment seems shaped to trigger a chain of significations in the onlooker, so that each episode compacts and resonates with shared assumptions†¦ continuity and coherence depend on the network of social, religious and political relations which are articulated and sustained, even taught, by these fest ival enactments.† (95) After studying the Egyptian theatrical texts, Read draws conclusions about the messages and meanings the performers were trying to convey. In accordance with Vince’s perspective, I believe that another historian could have studied the papyrus scenes and drawn a different conclusion as to the purpose of the Egyptian festivals. Perhaps by examining the documents, conclusions could have been made about the role of children or the importance of a strong work ethic. The point is that the document consisted solely of drawings and short dialogues between performers. There are limited facts available, and speculation is needed to complete the picture. The facts are but dots on the page, and Read connected those dots by providing possible explanations as to why these events occurred. Although these may be the correct inferences, after reading Vince’s article, I realize that this is not the only explanation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After I re-read Read, I noticed that the facts about Egyptian festivals that took place over 1000 years were treated as one piece of evidence. history of theatre :: essays research papers fc â€Å"History exists only when it is â€Å"made† by the historian.† (Vince, 65). According to R.W. Vince, it is very easy for researchers to get lost between â€Å"fact† and â€Å"interpretation† when documenting theatre history. Even when scholars uncover identical pieces of information, they may each have their own personal explanations as to why these facts exist. In turn, readers must exercise critical analysis when studying scholar’s research and not fall into the trap of viewing history from the author’s perspective. Personally, I believe Leslie Read’s chapter on the â€Å"Beginnings of Theatre in Africa and the Americas† is both fact-oriented and assumption-oriented, and must be scrutinized from many angles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first part of the chapter, Read describes Egyptian theatre â€Å"festivals† dating from 2600BC onward. The documented festivals were found on â€Å"papyrus excavated†¦ in 1896. Each scene in this â€Å"production notebook† consists of an account of an action, a mythological explanation, a short dialogue involving two or more characters, together with directions concerning subsidiary roles, the inclusion of song or dance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Read, 94) This ancient document is an actual record of the Egyptians performances and helps to explain their festivals. From these papyrus designs, Read concludes, â€Å"Every symbol, gesture, sound and embodiment seems shaped to trigger a chain of significations in the onlooker, so that each episode compacts and resonates with shared assumptions†¦ continuity and coherence depend on the network of social, religious and political relations which are articulated and sustained, even taught, by these fest ival enactments.† (95) After studying the Egyptian theatrical texts, Read draws conclusions about the messages and meanings the performers were trying to convey. In accordance with Vince’s perspective, I believe that another historian could have studied the papyrus scenes and drawn a different conclusion as to the purpose of the Egyptian festivals. Perhaps by examining the documents, conclusions could have been made about the role of children or the importance of a strong work ethic. The point is that the document consisted solely of drawings and short dialogues between performers. There are limited facts available, and speculation is needed to complete the picture. The facts are but dots on the page, and Read connected those dots by providing possible explanations as to why these events occurred. Although these may be the correct inferences, after reading Vince’s article, I realize that this is not the only explanation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After I re-read Read, I noticed that the facts about Egyptian festivals that took place over 1000 years were treated as one piece of evidence.

The Development of Motor Skills in babies/Young Children

Introduction:A child’s earlier experience and environment influence their future development, health and wellbeing. It is recognized that children’s development occurs in stages and that they need the right supports to critical period in their life to achieve their potentials. If a child does not acquire skill the way he/she should, then there are certain factors that are responsible for that, they include: low birth weight, prematurely, birth injury, disability, chronic illness, delayed development, lack of parenting knowledge. But if a child is guided against the stated above in terms of independence, good problem solving skills, and positive self-concept, these in turn are influenced by motor skill acquisition.Skill acquisition relates to developmental skill and these encompasses area such as gross motor, fine motor, self help, social, language and cognitive development skills. Physiotherapists have experts in the development of gross motor skills, which is concomita ntly on positive self-concept.The relationship between skill development and health/well-being is difficult to define in an academically rigorous fashion. Studies involving a variety of children with special needs have demonstrated that motor skills and positive self concept are critical to children’s ability to participate at school (Jongmans et all 1996).Little data clearly define the parameters of motor coordination difficulties in children. Various grades of severity and co morbidity seem to exist. Some children have only a relatively minor form of motor dyscoordination, whereas others have associated learning disabilities, attention deficit, and other difficulties.In 1996, fox and lent found that, in contrast to the common belief that children grow out to these difficulties, they tend to linger without intervention. Early intervention is beneficial when the brain is changing dramatically during the first year of life and new connections and abilities are acquired.Path Ph ysiology:Motor coordination is the product of a complex set of cognitive and physical processes that are often taken for granted in children who are developing normally, smooth, targeted and accurate movement both gross and fine, require the harmonious functioning of sensory input, central processing of this information in the brain and coordination with the high executive cerebral functions, e.g. violation, motivation, motor planning of an activity. Also acquired is the performance of a certain motor pattern. These elements must work in a coordinated and rapid way to enable complex movement involving different parts of the body.Muscular Tone:Muscular tone refers to the basic and constant ongoing contraction or muscular activity in the muscles. It can be understood as a baseline or background level. Tone may be normal, too low, or too high. If a muscular tone is too high, children appear somewhat stiff and do not move in smooth and natural way.Gross Motor skills:Gross motor skills r efer to the ability of children to carry out activities that require large muscles or group of muscles. It acts in a coordinated fashion to accomplish a movement or a series of movements. Postures are an important element to consider in the assessment of gross motor skills.Fine Motor Skills:Fine motor skills are the movement of small muscles that act in an organized and suitable fashion, for instance, hand, feet etc, and the muscle in the head, to accomplish more difficult and delicate tasks. Fine motor are the basis of coordination, which begin with transferring from hand to crossing the midline when aged 6 months.Sensory Integration:This refers to functioning of the brain, i.e., how to manage inputs and produces output. Output includes motor responses. Each child has a unique profile of response to sensory stimuli. Children with motor difficulties often have problems in the integration of sensory input.METHOD SECTION:Research has shown that children who find performing certain mot or task difficult, frustrating or even impossible often become discouraged and subsequently avoid these task altogether. Eventual avoidance of challenging physical task in a child who work hard on drawing or writing with poor result is understandable.Statement of Problems:Children are different from each other both when they are young and after they mature, they are different because they were reared differently. Some were spanked, some were not. Some received authoritarian parenting, some permissive, some authoritative, some were toilet trained early and harshly, some were left to cry in the crib and some were cuddle, and so it went. Here, emphasis will be on child and proper toileting, his/her attitude and general knowledge. And on this note will bring about the hypothesis as stated below:H0: There is a relationship between a child earlier trained on toileting and his   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   general attitude.HI: There is no relationship between a child earlier trained on toil eting and the  general attitude .Findings:The researcher used primary data since it was directly from the field in their original state. Primary schools and day cares centers were visited and the interview was unstructured to enable the interviewer penetrate deep and follow unanticipated clues.Since it was only interview method that was used, two primary schools and four day care centers were visited since the emphasis is on motor skill which is all about educating a child early. The total of nine teachers in primary schools and twelve nannies in day care centers were interviewed, giving a total of twenty one teachers. As illustrated in the table below:The above table shows that out of 21 correspondents, 15 of them agreed that proper toileting is better from childhood, as the child will be conditioned to it, which represented 71.4 percent, while 6 correspondents said that whether the child is trained or not, he/she will act according to the gene or what the peer group thought them . This represented 28.6 percents.Discussion:children sensitive responses towards toileting is not automatic but had training processesThat parents has a lot of roles to play as in introducing the child to proper toileting from 3months old of ageThat if a child is properly trained on toileting, will be conditioned to itThat if a child is not trained earlier enough, would be lettering the environment at any point in time.And that neatness is next to godlinessThis is majority opinions and should be adhere to, since it is stated here, that neatness is next to godliness and incessant toileting leads to protracted illness, as well as embarrassments to the parents.DISCUSSION SECTIONThe manifestation described above is based on the assumption that children have opportunity to practice motor activities if they are being taught. Children require a minimum of exposure and practice to develop dexterity with scissors and drawing. A child who is notably neglected or not exposed to usual physical tasks may have physical deficits for these reasons.Crucial aspect in motor development are exposure to tasks, caretaker who recognize the child’s developmental needs, the opportunity for the child to be taught skills, appropriate stimulation of the child, and an opportunity for the child to develop and practice new movements. These aspects have been termed the dynamic theory of motor development, which postulates that children develop new motor skills as they are needed, depending on the interactions with the environment and on the challenges parented.Practice, experience, and environment are important determinants of development, in addition to the child’s intrinsic genetic capacities. Development is shaped by a process of selection in which children develop movement repertoires that are optimal for functioning in their specific environmental conditions.When the condition is serious and noticeable to everyone, the child is most likely to be stigmatized at school and o ften at home. Children with motor coordination difficulties often feel ashamed of their poor ability to perform any motor tasks, especially those required to participate in sports and to achieve skills in schools.The clinical picture of motor coordination problems is assessed from a developmental point of view, i.e., by considering normal physical capacities at different ages. Evaluation of a child’s development includes a consideration of individual variation, by factoring in the range of time at which motor skills, for example are normally acquired.Young infants maintain flexor tone in the first few months of life and only gradually develop extension patterns. Also infants with motor challenges are often delayed in achieving milestone such as the  ability to roll over, to sit with help, and to sit without help. Infants with motor problems may not be able to sustain their weight after 6 months when supported under their arms. So inability for a child to develop in motor sk ills manifest from infancy, third years of life, preschool and school aged children, genetic and environmental factors among others.In a nutshell, evaluation of a child’s development includes a consideration of individual variation by factoring in the range of time at which motor skills, for example, are normally acquired. Evaluating the overall development of a child is preferable, considering the characteristics style and strength and weaknesses of each child.REFERNCES:Jongmans M, Demeter JD, Dubowitz L and Henderson SE (1996): How Local is the Impact of specific learning difficulties in premature children’s evaluation of their competence. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry 37: 563-568. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/915251-overview

The Effects Of Suicide On Our Society - 2173 Words

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